The many differences between the ways time is understood in different cultures, as well as the ways in which such differences might affect those cultures, can be divided into three main areas: what time is, how time is experienced, and how it is measured— the metaphysics of time, the perception of time, and the metric […]
Philosophical Anthropology
Theories
Theory, from the Greek word for viewing or contemplation, has played a significant role in the understanding of science since the early 19th century but was not considered central before then. Instead, philosophers and scientists spoke more often of (Natural) Law and of hypothesis, defined by Mill as “any supposition which we make (either without […]
Teleology
Teleology (from Greek words telos, “end,” and logos, “reason, discourse”) is the study of processes in nature as they are driven by their ends, goals, and purposes. This is diametrically opposed to a mechanistic explanation based only on cause-effect sequences in time series. Teleological thinking was natural for mythical, anthropomorphic explanations of nature. A tradition […]
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
Are science and theology reconcilable in terms of evolution? As both an eminent geopaleontologist and cosmic mystic, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin presented a dynamic worldview. He argued that the human species does occupy a special place within a spiritual universe, and that humankind is evolving toward an Omega Point as the end goal of converging […]
Philosophy of Science
The philosophy of science is a subdiscipline of philosophy that utilizes the fields of epistemology (how we know what we know) and metaphysics (the fundamental nature of reality, often outside human observational experience) to study the principles and methods of science and the natural world. It seeks to understand the meaning, method, logical structure, and […]


